MOLECULAR PATHWAYS IN MELANOMA PROGRESSION: AN INTEGRATIVE DERMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGY APPROACH

Abstract

Melanoma, which is a very aggressive type of skin cancer, remains to be a significant clinical challenge due to its complex molecular basis and diverse development pathways.  This paper explores the molecular activities which promote the development of melanoma, based on genomes, transcriptomics, and proteomics research.  We have found that critical signalling pathways, including the MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT and Wnt/ -catenin, are important in promoting the growth, survival and metastasis of the melanoma cells.  We also discover novel biomarkers and treatment targets and we emphasize how relationships within the microenvironment of the tumour can predispose the tumour to spread.  Through the assistance of the current bioinformatics studies, we have also discovered the significant genetic alterations such as BRAF and NRAS mutations which are significant causes of melanoma development.  Importantly, in our study the importance of the immune evasion strategies employed by melanoma cells and their implications on immunotherapy resistance are of crucial importance.  To conclude, this integrative strategy will increase our understanding of the molecular biology of melanoma and provide a basis upon which more specific and effective regimens of therapy can be developed.